Editor’s note: The peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951 has served as a dividing line in history marking the dramatic changes taken place in medical care for the local people. The white paper issued on Oct.22 this year provided substantial information about the sharp contrast in people’s health between the Old Tibet and the New. In addition，a down-to-earth field investigation in eight residential areas in rural and pastoral areas of Lhasa, Lhoka, Shigatze and Nagqu from June to September in 2013 by Chen Mo, researcher of China Tibetology Research Center also disclosed some concrete data, which will present a whole picture of the development of public health and medical care in Tibet over the past 62 years.